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Fortesa Latifi

Fortesa Latifi is a journalist based in Los Angeles, California and a graduate of the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism & Mass Communication. She loves to write about chronic illness, mental health and the way politics affects our daily lives and relationships. You can find her work in Teen Vogue, The Lily and more.

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What Increases Your Risk for Bone Fractures and Osteoporosis?

What Increases Your Risk for Bone Fractures and Osteoporosis?

Learn what makes you more likely to break bones and get osteoporosis

Created With Support

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become brittle and fragile when they lose tissue or don't make enough tissue.

What causes bones to break easily and increases your risk of osteoporosis?

Physical factors

  • Being female
  • Being thin-boned and having low body weight
  • Having an eating disorder or loss of menstruation as an adolescent or young adult
  • Having any chronic conditions that affect bones, such as autoimmune disorders, digestive disorders, certain types of cancer, HIV/AIDS and eating disorders
  • Being on medications that weaken the bones, like those used to treat breast cancer, epilepsy and autoimmune diseases, for a long time
  • Going through menopause, with even greater risk caused by early menopause

Genetics

  • A parent with a history of broken bones from a minor injury, especially a hip or spine fracture, or osteoporosis
  • Genetic mutations — 2 genes might affect the development of osteoporosis

Age

  • Being over age 50, with the risk increasing as you age

Race

  • Being white or Asian

Poor diet

  • Not eating enough whole grains, fruits and vegetables
  • Not getting enough calcium or vitamin D in your diet
  • Excessive dieting or not eating enough protein

Lack of exercise

  • Not engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise like walking, lifting weights or jogging

Lifestyle choices

  • Smoking
  • Heavy alcohol use

Poor access to prevention

  • Lack of access to healthy foods
  • Lack of time or space to exercise
  • Lack of access to a bone density screening or preventive medication

Osteoporosis is preventable

Talk to your healthcare provider about what you can do to keep your bones healthy.

This resource was created with support from Amgen.


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Happy holidays! ‘Tis the season of celebration and memory making with the happiest and most harmonious people in your life: your family. These folks never judge, begrudge or misunderstand you. The sheer concept of a fight is unimaginable to them if it doesn’t involve a snowball.

Oh, wait, that’s a Hallmark movie. Scratch that. Here in reality, even the most “normal” family has something dysfunctional going on and it can make the holidays stressful and even dreadful.

Rose L, for example, loves her in-laws but is anxious thinking about spending the holidays with them because they make her feel alienated and tokenized.

“I’m a Southeast Asian woman, and my children are biracial,” Rose said. “My husband’s family are white and have a sort of small world mentality. When we spend holidays with them, I endure questions like, ‘Did your mom prepare duck at home when you were growing up?’ And every single year someone has to tell me the story about the one time they went to a Vietnamese restaurant in town and how much they loved it.”

How can Rose and the rest of us navigate family dysfunction at holiday functions and possibly even enjoy our time together?

Set boundaries around what you will and won’t talk about

First, set boundaries by drawing the line on what you will and won’t talk about or engage in with family at holiday gatherings.

Have some one-liners in your back pocket if a conversation veers in a direction you don’t want to be a part of,” said Golee Abrishami, Ph.D., a clinical psychologist. “You can say something like, “Is there something else we can talk about?” or “I think I’ve said all I’ve had to say about this.”

Keep in mind that a boundary, though potentially perceived as a punishment by the family member who oversteps, is about you, not them. You’re not being mean by giving yourself space.

“Setting a boundary is you protecting your energy instead of trying to manage the other person,” Teisha Levi, LMFT, founder and CEO, Mental Wellness with Teisha. “You can do this lovingly and possibly even humorously.”

Avoid being the peacekeeper

Peacekeeping, or the attempt thereof, can feel rewarding, but it comes at a cost and can empower dysfunctional family dynamics.

“You’re proud of yourself for peacemaking but also resentful that you suppressed your own feelings, or felt the burden of managing the family drama,” Abrishami said. “That resentment can make you more irritable or easily frustrated with yourself and everyone around you.”

If you tend to play the role of peacekeeper in your dysfunctional family, it’s worth a moment to consider why this burden is on your shoulders.

“Maybe someone appointed you the role of peacekeeper,” Levi said. “That's important to assess too. Are you always the one fixing things? Identify the role you might play. Once you identify, you can then set boundaries.”

Take breathers (literally)

Even with boundaries in place, you may still feel a sense of overwhelm in the presence of dysfunctional families during the holidays. If it all starts to feel like too much, or you’re worried that it might, take a breather – literally.

“Do deep breathing or step outside for fresh air,” Levi said, adding that she does breathwork in between clients to stay grounded and in the moment.

Aim to engage in a single fulfilling conversation

Navigating family dysfunction is not only about how to get around the ugly; it’s about getting to the beautiful. Think about someone you will see at the holiday gathering who you would actually like to have a conversation with and go for it.

“Most people say to just keep the conversation light. But how many of us get drained by boring surface-level conversations?,” Abrishami said. “Choose one family member or friend you trust and try to have one deeper conversation. Talk about something beyond the weather. Ask them about a hobby of theirs or something they are engaged in that's interesting to them.”

The point here is to lean into curiosity and to use a holiday gathering as an opportunity for meaningful relationship building — even if it’s only with one other person.

Remember that you are not alone

Finally, keep in mind that not only are you not the only one heading into a dysfunctional family setting this holiday season, you’re actually among the vast majority. Everyone, no matter their background, can relate to you in this situation.

“We are all human, we all have differences of opinions, our different experiences and traumas,” Levi said. “With different lived experiences comes the possibility of dysfunction happening.”

There’s no excuse for prejudice, judgment or hate, and there is absolutely nothing wrong with sitting out a family gathering if it makes you feel unsafe. If, however, you do feel that you can show up to the holiday occasion without sacrificing your mental health, then you should do just that — and with an open, optimistic mind.

“If you can, give yourself permission to enjoy the holidays with family, even if it's only for a small moment,” Levi said. “We each deserve to be happy and to live in peace — even if it means creating it for yourself.”