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1. Progestogen refers to any hormone replacement product that produces similar effects on the uterus as progesterone, the naturally occurring form of the hormone produced in a woman's body. Progestins are synthetic versions of progesterone.

2. Progesterone helps protect the lining of the uterus, also known as the endometrium.

3. Progestogens are included in combination hormonal therapies with estrogen to prevent endometrial buildup, which can lead to cancer.

4. After menopause, you will likely produce very little, if any, progesterone.

5. Progesterone is believed to be partly responsible for symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as breast tenderness, feeling bloated and mood swings.

6. In addition to menopausal hormone therapy and birth control, progestogens may be used to treat a variety of conditions, including menstrual irregularities and endometriosis; breast, kidney or uterine cancer; and appetite and weight loss in AIDS patients. Progesterone, the natural hormone, may also be used to prevent pregnancy loss and preterm labor.

7. Progestin-only contraceptive products may be an attractive option if you are unable to take a combination product with estrogen, or are concerned about estrogen's side effects. They are appropriate for older women, especially smokers who want to use an oral hormonal contraceptive method, and postpartum and/or breastfeeding women.

8. Progestin-only mini-pills are highly effective for preventing pregnancy (about 99.5 percent) if taken correctly. They must be taken at the same time every day to be effective.

9. Progestogens are sometimes used as a diagnostic aid to determine whether estrogen is being produced. In a "progestin challenge" test, a woman takes progestin pills for one to two weeks. When the progestin is stopped, bleeding ensues if estrogen is present.

10. Hormone-based therapies are not the only option for birth control or for relieving menopausal symptoms. Ask about and discuss all the options with your health care provider.